measured-response

39 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

theory[All Fields] AND planned[All Fields] AND behavio*[All Fields]

These PubMed results were generated on 2006/11/06

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Improving fruit and vegetable consumption: a self-efficacy intervention compared with a combined self-efficacy and planning intervention.

Health Educ Res. 2006 Oct 23;

Authors: Luszczynska A, Tryburcy M, Schwarzer R

Effects of interventions targeting self-efficacy alone or combined with action plans were examined in the context of fruit and vegetable consumption. E-mail messages were sent to a self-efficacy group, a combined self-efficacy and action planning group and a control group. At a 6-month follow-up, 200 adults reported their fruit and vegetable consumption, along with current levels of self-efficacy and planning. The two experimental groups gained equally from the interventions, as documented by changes in behavior. In both intervention groups, change in respective cognitions predicted change in fruit and vegetable consumption. Parsimonious interventions might contribute to health behavior change.

PMID: 17060349 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Related Articles

Support provider's appraisal detection bias and the efficacy of received support in medical students preparing for an exam.

Br J Soc Psychol. 2006 Sep;45(Pt 3):599-615

Authors: Knoll N, Schulz U, Schwarzer R, Rosemeier HP

Matching social support to the recipient's needs requires diagnostic sensitivity on the part of the provider. In particular, support needs to be responsive to the recipient's stress-related appraisals to be maximally effective. To assess the impact of bias in interpersonal stress assessment, medical students in 43 dyads reported on their own and each other's stress appraisals, social support, affect and performance during a 5-day preparation period culminating in a multiple choice examination. Less biased perceptions of loss appraisals by support providers within dyads were followed by support transactions associated with lower negative affect and better exam performance among recipients. More biased perceptions of threat appraisals were followed by increases in the recipients' negative affect. Results therefore suggest that support is more effective when the provider understands the recipient's concerns.

PMID: 16984723 [PubMed - in process]

Stage-specific effects of an action control intervention on dental flossing.

Health Educ Res. 2006 Aug 31;

Authors: Schüz B, Sniehotta FF, Schwarzer R

Health behavior interventions may have different effects when targeting individuals at different stages of change. A 'motivation' stage, during which intentions are formed, has been distinguished from a 'volition' stage, implying that the latter requires self-regulatory effort in implementing and maintaining behavior. To test this stage assumption, an action control intervention (self-monitoring tool for dental flossing) matched to the volition stage and mismatched to the motivation stage was provided to 151 university students, with follow-up measures of action control and flossing after 2 and 6 weeks. Separate regression analyses for motivational and volitional participants indicated that only volitional participants benefited from the volitional intervention. This supports the usefulness of stage assumptions and the advantage of tailoring interventions to participants who reside either in the motivational or in the volitional stage.

PMID: 16945985 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

125 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

("Soc Sci Med."[Journal])

These PubMed results were generated on 2006/11/06

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Related Articles

Source memory, aging and culture.

Gerontology. 2006;52(5):306-13

Authors: Chua HF, Chen W, Park DC

BACKGROUND: The present study investigates the possibility that culture affects age differences in context memory. There is evidence that East-Asians process scenes more holistically and show better context memory than Americans. OBJECTIVE: We examined evidence for differences in binding source to context in young and old Americans and native Chinese. We hypothesized that age effects on source memory could be mitigated due to these cultural differences in processing style. METHODS: During incidental encoding, younger and older Chinese and Americans watched a video with statements spoken by four distinct speakers. After a brief interval, participants identified source (experiment 1) or item and source (experiment 2). RESULTS: We observed substantial age-related deficits in source memory in both cultures but little evidence for cultural differences in source or item memory. CONCLUSION: Basic source memory processes operate similarly across culture and age. The source of holistic processing differences observed between cultures may occur in cognitive operations that are more highly bound to a social context.

PMID: 16974102 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

An electronic diary assessment of the effects of distraction and attentional focusing on pain intensity in chronic low back pain patients.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):595-606

Authors: Roelofs J, Peters ML, Patijn J, Schouten EG, Vlaeyen JW

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the effects of a manipulation of attention to pain (i.e. attentional focusing vs. distraction) on pain intensity in daily life of patients with chronic low back pain. It was hypothesized that attentional focusing would lead to decreased pain intensity in high pain fearful individuals, whereas distraction from pain would be associated with decreased pain intensity in low pain fearful individuals. DESIGN: An experience sampling methodology was used to examine the effects of a manipulation of attention to pain on pain intensity in daily life of pain patients. METHODS: A total number of 38 patients with chronic low back pain participated in this study and carried a palmtop computer for 2 weeks. During this period, patients were 'beeped' 8 times a day to complete diary questions. On certain days, instructions to either attend to or distract from pain were given. RESULTS: Multi-level analyses showed that attentional focusing was not associated with decreased pain intensity in high pain fearful individuals and that distraction did not lead to decreased pain intensity in low pain fearful individuals. The manipulations in isolation neither influenced pain intensity. The manipulation check was generally weak. CONCLUSION: A manipulation of attention to pain in daily life of patients with chronic low back pain proved difficult to accomplish. As the manipulation check was generally unsuccessful, no clear inferences about the underlying theory can be made. Future research within the field of pain treatments (e.g. in vivo exposure) might benefit greatly from electronic diary assessments studies.

PMID: 17032486 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Sample size for regression analyses of theory of planned behaviour studies: Case of prescribing in general practice.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):581-93

Authors: Rashidian A, Miles J, Russell D, Russell I

OBJECTIVES: Interest has been growing in the use of the theory of planned behaviour (TBP) in health services research. The sample sizes range from less than 50 to more than 750 in published TPB studies without sample size calculations. We estimate the sample size for a multi-stage random survey of prescribing intention and actual prescribing for asthma in British general practice. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic attempt to determine sample size for a TPB survey. METHODS: We use two different approaches: reported values of regression models' goodness-of-fit (the lambda method) and zero-order correlations (the variance inflation factor or VIF method). Intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) is estimated and a socioeconomic variable is used for stratification. We perform sensitivity analysis to estimate the effects of our decisions on final sample size. RESULTS: The VIF method is more sensitive to the requirements of a TPB study. Given a correlation of .25 between intention and behaviour, and of .4 between intention and perceived behavioural control, the proposed sample size is 148. We estimate the ICC for asthma prescribing to be around 0.07. If 10 general practitioners were sampled per cluster, the sample size would be 242. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to perform sophisticated sample size calculations for a TPB study. The VIF is the appropriate method. Our approach can be used with adjustments in other settings and for other regression models.

PMID: 17032485 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Coping with ovarian cancer risk: The moderating effects of perceived control on coping and adjustment.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):561-80

Authors: Fang CY, Daly MB, Miller SM, Zerr T, Malick J, Engstrom P

OBJECTIVE: Although perceived control and coping have been studied across various health conditions, these relationships have been less well studied in the context of coping with cancer risk over time. The present study was a longitudinal study of the effects of perceived control and problem-focused coping on changes in psychological adjustment and behavioural outcomes among women at increased risk for ovarian cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty women enrolled in a familial cancer risk assessment programme participated in this study. Assessments of problem-focused coping, perceived control and distress were collected upon entry into the programme and again at 3-month follow-up. Behavioural adherence to screening during the 12-month period following programme entry was obtained from clinic records. RESULTS: Using hierarchical regression analysis, we observed a significant interaction between perceived control and problem-focused coping for psychological distress, beta=0.94, p<.05. Specifically, problem-focused coping was associated with increasing distress over time among women who perceived high control. A significant control by coping interaction was also observed for behavioural adherence to pelvic ultrasound and CA125 screening, such that women who perceived high control and utilized problem-focused coping were less likely to undergo screening. CONCLUSIONS: Under conditions of high perceived control, problem-focused coping was associated with increasing distress as well as poorer behavioural adherence. Thus, perceived control and problem-focused coping may not always yield positive psychological or behavioural health outcomes. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of how problem-focused coping and perceived control may influence the course of adjustment to cancer risk over time.

PMID: 17032484 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Information, social support and anxiety before gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):551-9

Authors: Eberhardt J, van Wersch A, van Schaik P, Cann P

OBJECTIVES: To examine Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) stress theory regarding the effects of the stress mediators information and perceived social support on anxiety (as the stress response) regarding gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy (as the stressor) in male and female patients of various age groups. DESIGN: Non-experimental design. METHODS: Structured interviews were conducted with 113 hospital out-patients about to undergo GI endoscopy. Participants indicated their perceptions of how much support and how much clear and useful information they had received from both their general practitioner (GP) and a patient information leaflet developed in collaboration with health psychologists as well as their perceptions of how much social support they had obtained from other patients, family and friends. Anxiety was measured with a population-specific trait and state adaptation of the Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS-A). RESULTS: Psychometric exploration of the HADS-A revealed a single general anxiety factor. The reliability of this factor was high, with Cronbach's alpha=0.91. The majority of the sample experienced high anxiety levels. Gender, but not age, differences emerged, showing females to be more anxious than males, F(1, 84)=5.68, p<.05. A regression model built on stress theory was tested, with anxiety as the dependent variable and 11 predictor variables. The model was significant with R(2)=0.452, F(11, 47)=3.522 and p=0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The clarity, but not the amount, of information and social support from important others, but not GPs, were both mediating the stress experience of the patients by reducing their perceived anxiety.

PMID: 17032483 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Psychological distress after the occupation: A community cross-sectional survey from Lebanon.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):695-702

Authors: Roberto SB, Chaaya M, Eid Fares J, Abi Khirs J

OBJECTIVES: Jezzine inhabitants were exposed to war stressors for 17 years. This study aims at determining the prevalence of psychiatric distress (PD) among Jezzine citizens who were exposed to war for 17 years and to identify associated factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A sample of 142 citizens was randomly selected from a population of 5,000. A novel questionnaire was used to collect data on war exposure, socioeconomic and demographic variables. PD was assessed using GHQ-12. Data were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS: PD was found in 26% of Jezzine residents. PD was associated with age, marital status, education, experience of war-related events, chronic illness and alcohol drinking. After adjusting for all variables, PD remained significantly correlated with older age and low education (odds ratios were 7.59 and 4.28, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PD among the residents of Jezzine after a year of the Israeli withdrawal was similar to that reported in other communities whether they were, or were not, exposed to war stress. Higher prevalence among older and less educated individuals suggests the presence of a significant age cohort effect and cognitive construal factors for PD among persons chronically exposed to war-related stressors.

PMID: 17032492 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Targets and dimensions of social comparison among people with spinal cord injury and other health problems.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):677-93

Authors: Buunk AP, Zurriaga R, Gonzalez P, Terol C, Roig SL

The present research examined comparison targets and comparison dimensions among two Spanish samples of individuals facing serious illnesses and diseases. In Study 1, 90 older patients (mean age 66.36) with various age-related diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, indicated that they compared themselves most often with others with the same disease, next with others with another disease and least with people without health problems. They compared themselves more often on their mental state, symptoms and physical activities than on their social activities. Social comparison orientation (SCO) as an individual difference characteristic was associated with more frequent comparisons with particularly similar targets, and with more frequent comparisons of one's symptoms and physical activities. Neuroticism was correlated only with more comparisons of one's symptoms. Study 2 was conducted in a sample of 70 relatively young patients (mean age 43.97) with spinal cord injury (SCI). Overall, they compared themselves more often with others than the participants in Study 1, and they compared themselves to a similar extent with people with SCI as with people with another disease and with people without health problems. While they felt on average better off than people with other diseases and other people with SCI, people with SCI felt on average worse off than people without health problems. They compared themselves more often on physical activities than on any other dimension. Higher levels of stress and uncertainty were associated with more frequent comparisons with people without SCI, and with more frequent comparisons of one's mental state, one's symptoms and one's future perspectives. The discussion focuses on the theoretical relevance of the results for social comparison theory, and on the practical relevance of the findings for interventions.

PMID: 17032491 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Future-directed thinking and depression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):663-75

Authors: Moore AC, Macleod AK, Barnes D, Langdon DW

BACKGROUND: Research has shown that depression is associated with a view of the future characterized by reduced anticipation of future positive experiences, but not necessarily increased anticipation of future negative experiences. The aim of the present study was to investigate how participants with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) anticipated their future in terms of positive and negative events. DESIGN: A mixed design compared three groups of participants on a measure of future thinking using an adapted verbal fluency paradigm. METHODS: Depressed MS participants (N=14), non-depressed MS participants (N=28) and healthy control participants (N=26) were assessed on their ability to generate future positive and negative experiences. A content analysis was also conducted on the responses generated by the MS depressed and MS non-depressed groups according to whether or not they were related to MS. RESULTS: The MS depressed group anticipated significantly fewer future positive events than the healthy control group and the MS non-depressed group. The three groups did not differ in the total numbers of anticipated future negative events, though the MS depressed group did anticipate a significantly higher proportion of MS-related negative events. CONCLUSIONS: Like depressed but physically healthy individuals, the MS depressed group was characterized by a lack of positive thoughts about the future, rather than an increased number of negative thoughts. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed along with recommendations for future research.

PMID: 17032490 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Predicting self-efficacy using illness perception components: A patient survey.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):643-61

Authors: Lau-Walker M

OBJECTIVES: To assess the measures of illness representation components in predicting measures of self-efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease. DESIGN: A longitudinal design was adopted with predictor variables and dependent variables (general self-efficacy, diet self-efficacy and exercise self-efficacy) measured twice while participants were in hospital and 9 months following discharge. Change scores of the predictor variables can be calculated and dependent variables at baseline can be controlled. METHOD: A cohort sample of 300 patients admitted to hospital with coronary heart disease were given the questionnaire measuring their illness perception (illness representation components: identity, consequences, timeline and control/cure and outcome expectation for diet and exercise); self-efficacy (general, diet and exercise self-efficacy measures), demographic and illness characteristics and attendance on a cardiac rehabilitation programme. The patients were asked to complete the questionnaire in hospital before discharge following their cardiac diagnosis, and again, 9 months later, when participants were expected to be functioning independently of any rehabilitation programme. RESULTS: Demographic and illness characteristics were found to have a more significant relationship with illness representation components than with specific self-efficacy. The relationship between illness representation components and specific self-efficacy changes overtime, consequence and timeline were significantly related to self-efficacy measures initially; however, symptom and control/cure were the variables that were significantly related to self-efficacy measures 9 months later. After statistically controlling individuals' baseline self-efficacy measures, demographic and illness characteristic effects, symptom and control/cure were found to make significant contributions to exercise and diet self-efficacy, respectively, 9 months later. CONCLUSION: A significant relationship exists between illness representation and self-efficacy. There is potential to integrate both approaches to the assessment of psychosocial factors to provide effective individualized care in cardiac rehabilitation.

PMID: 17032489 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Mind the gap...in intelligence: Re-examining the relationship between inequality and health.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):623-42

Authors: Kanazawa S

Wilkinson contends that economic inequality reduces the health and life expectancy of the whole population but his argument does not make sense within its own evolutionary framework. Recent evolutionary psychological theory suggests that the human brain, adapted to the ancestral environment, has difficulty comprehending and dealing with entities and situations that did not exist in the ancestral environment and that general intelligence evolved as a domain-specific adaptation to solve evolutionarily novel problems. Since most dangers to health in the contemporary society are evolutionarily novel, it follows that more intelligent individuals are better able to recognize and deal with such dangers and live longer. Consistent with the theory, the macro-level analyses show that income inequality and economic development have no effect on life expectancy at birth, infant mortality and age-specific mortality net of average intelligence quotient (IQ) in 126 countries. They also show that an average IQ has a very large and significant effect on population health but not in the evolutionarily familiar sub-Saharan Africa. At the micro level, the General Social Survey data show that, while both income and intelligence have independent positive effects on self-reported health, intelligence has a stronger effect than income. The data collectively suggest that individuals in wealthier and more egalitarian societies live longer and stay healthier, not because they are wealthier or more egalitarian but because they are more intelligent.

PMID: 17032488 [PubMed - in process]