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39 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

theory[All Fields] AND planned[All Fields] AND behavio*[All Fields]

These PubMed results were generated on 2006/11/06

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Improving fruit and vegetable consumption: a self-efficacy intervention compared with a combined self-efficacy and planning intervention.

Health Educ Res. 2006 Oct 23;

Authors: Luszczynska A, Tryburcy M, Schwarzer R

Effects of interventions targeting self-efficacy alone or combined with action plans were examined in the context of fruit and vegetable consumption. E-mail messages were sent to a self-efficacy group, a combined self-efficacy and action planning group and a control group. At a 6-month follow-up, 200 adults reported their fruit and vegetable consumption, along with current levels of self-efficacy and planning. The two experimental groups gained equally from the interventions, as documented by changes in behavior. In both intervention groups, change in respective cognitions predicted change in fruit and vegetable consumption. Parsimonious interventions might contribute to health behavior change.

PMID: 17060349 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Support provider's appraisal detection bias and the efficacy of received support in medical students preparing for an exam.

Br J Soc Psychol. 2006 Sep;45(Pt 3):599-615

Authors: Knoll N, Schulz U, Schwarzer R, Rosemeier HP

Matching social support to the recipient's needs requires diagnostic sensitivity on the part of the provider. In particular, support needs to be responsive to the recipient's stress-related appraisals to be maximally effective. To assess the impact of bias in interpersonal stress assessment, medical students in 43 dyads reported on their own and each other's stress appraisals, social support, affect and performance during a 5-day preparation period culminating in a multiple choice examination. Less biased perceptions of loss appraisals by support providers within dyads were followed by support transactions associated with lower negative affect and better exam performance among recipients. More biased perceptions of threat appraisals were followed by increases in the recipients' negative affect. Results therefore suggest that support is more effective when the provider understands the recipient's concerns.

PMID: 16984723 [PubMed - in process]

Stage-specific effects of an action control intervention on dental flossing.

Health Educ Res. 2006 Aug 31;

Authors: Schüz B, Sniehotta FF, Schwarzer R

Health behavior interventions may have different effects when targeting individuals at different stages of change. A 'motivation' stage, during which intentions are formed, has been distinguished from a 'volition' stage, implying that the latter requires self-regulatory effort in implementing and maintaining behavior. To test this stage assumption, an action control intervention (self-monitoring tool for dental flossing) matched to the volition stage and mismatched to the motivation stage was provided to 151 university students, with follow-up measures of action control and flossing after 2 and 6 weeks. Separate regression analyses for motivational and volitional participants indicated that only volitional participants benefited from the volitional intervention. This supports the usefulness of stage assumptions and the advantage of tailoring interventions to participants who reside either in the motivational or in the volitional stage.

PMID: 16945985 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

125 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

("Soc Sci Med."[Journal])

These PubMed results were generated on 2006/11/06

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Related Articles

Source memory, aging and culture.

Gerontology. 2006;52(5):306-13

Authors: Chua HF, Chen W, Park DC

BACKGROUND: The present study investigates the possibility that culture affects age differences in context memory. There is evidence that East-Asians process scenes more holistically and show better context memory than Americans. OBJECTIVE: We examined evidence for differences in binding source to context in young and old Americans and native Chinese. We hypothesized that age effects on source memory could be mitigated due to these cultural differences in processing style. METHODS: During incidental encoding, younger and older Chinese and Americans watched a video with statements spoken by four distinct speakers. After a brief interval, participants identified source (experiment 1) or item and source (experiment 2). RESULTS: We observed substantial age-related deficits in source memory in both cultures but little evidence for cultural differences in source or item memory. CONCLUSION: Basic source memory processes operate similarly across culture and age. The source of holistic processing differences observed between cultures may occur in cognitive operations that are more highly bound to a social context.

PMID: 16974102 [PubMed - in process]

9 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"prospective memory"

These PubMed results were generated on 2006/11/06

PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.

Exploring the relation of independent and interdependent self-construals to why and how people pursue personal goals.

J Soc Psychol. 2006 Oct;146(5):517-31

Authors: Downie M, Koestner R, Horberg E, Haga S

The authors examined whether independent or interdependent self-construals were associated with the way in which individuals pursued personal goals. Individuals with an independent self-construal orient toward personal-goal pursuit, whereas individuals with interdependent self-construal prioritize in-group goals above personal ones. The authors used a 1-week, prospective goal-setting paradigm. The present results revealed that interdependent self-construals were significantly associated with introjected reasons for pursuing goals, experiencing conflict among goals, and achieving less goal progress. Independent self-construals were significantly associated with intrinsic and identified reasons for goal pursuit and greater goal progress. There was some evidence that the relation of interdependent and independent self-construals to goal progress was mediated by goal conflict and goal intrinsic motivation, respectively. The present results also replicated previous research indicating the goal-setting benefits of intrinsic motivation, implementation intentions, and goal harmony.

PMID: 17042400 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Spatial memory: how egocentric and allocentric combine.

Trends Cogn Sci. 2006 Oct 27;

Authors: Burgess N

Recent experiments indicate the need for revision of a model of spatial memory consisting of viewpoint-specific representations, egocentric spatial updating and a geometric module for reorientation. Instead, it appears that both egocentric and allocentric representations exist in parallel, and combine to support behavior according to the task. Current research indicates complementary roles for these representations, with increasing dependence on allocentric representations with the amount of movement between presentation and retrieval, the number of objects remembered, and the size, familiarity and intrinsic structure of the environment. Identifying the neuronal mechanisms and functional roles of each type of representation, and of their interactions, promises to provide a framework for investigation of the organization of human memory more generally.

PMID: 17071127 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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An electronic diary assessment of the effects of distraction and attentional focusing on pain intensity in chronic low back pain patients.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):595-606

Authors: Roelofs J, Peters ML, Patijn J, Schouten EG, Vlaeyen JW

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the effects of a manipulation of attention to pain (i.e. attentional focusing vs. distraction) on pain intensity in daily life of patients with chronic low back pain. It was hypothesized that attentional focusing would lead to decreased pain intensity in high pain fearful individuals, whereas distraction from pain would be associated with decreased pain intensity in low pain fearful individuals. DESIGN: An experience sampling methodology was used to examine the effects of a manipulation of attention to pain on pain intensity in daily life of pain patients. METHODS: A total number of 38 patients with chronic low back pain participated in this study and carried a palmtop computer for 2 weeks. During this period, patients were 'beeped' 8 times a day to complete diary questions. On certain days, instructions to either attend to or distract from pain were given. RESULTS: Multi-level analyses showed that attentional focusing was not associated with decreased pain intensity in high pain fearful individuals and that distraction did not lead to decreased pain intensity in low pain fearful individuals. The manipulations in isolation neither influenced pain intensity. The manipulation check was generally weak. CONCLUSION: A manipulation of attention to pain in daily life of patients with chronic low back pain proved difficult to accomplish. As the manipulation check was generally unsuccessful, no clear inferences about the underlying theory can be made. Future research within the field of pain treatments (e.g. in vivo exposure) might benefit greatly from electronic diary assessments studies.

PMID: 17032486 [PubMed - in process]

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Sample size for regression analyses of theory of planned behaviour studies: Case of prescribing in general practice.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):581-93

Authors: Rashidian A, Miles J, Russell D, Russell I

OBJECTIVES: Interest has been growing in the use of the theory of planned behaviour (TBP) in health services research. The sample sizes range from less than 50 to more than 750 in published TPB studies without sample size calculations. We estimate the sample size for a multi-stage random survey of prescribing intention and actual prescribing for asthma in British general practice. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic attempt to determine sample size for a TPB survey. METHODS: We use two different approaches: reported values of regression models' goodness-of-fit (the lambda method) and zero-order correlations (the variance inflation factor or VIF method). Intra-cluster correlation coefficient (ICC) is estimated and a socioeconomic variable is used for stratification. We perform sensitivity analysis to estimate the effects of our decisions on final sample size. RESULTS: The VIF method is more sensitive to the requirements of a TPB study. Given a correlation of .25 between intention and behaviour, and of .4 between intention and perceived behavioural control, the proposed sample size is 148. We estimate the ICC for asthma prescribing to be around 0.07. If 10 general practitioners were sampled per cluster, the sample size would be 242. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to perform sophisticated sample size calculations for a TPB study. The VIF is the appropriate method. Our approach can be used with adjustments in other settings and for other regression models.

PMID: 17032485 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Coping with ovarian cancer risk: The moderating effects of perceived control on coping and adjustment.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):561-80

Authors: Fang CY, Daly MB, Miller SM, Zerr T, Malick J, Engstrom P

OBJECTIVE: Although perceived control and coping have been studied across various health conditions, these relationships have been less well studied in the context of coping with cancer risk over time. The present study was a longitudinal study of the effects of perceived control and problem-focused coping on changes in psychological adjustment and behavioural outcomes among women at increased risk for ovarian cancer. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty women enrolled in a familial cancer risk assessment programme participated in this study. Assessments of problem-focused coping, perceived control and distress were collected upon entry into the programme and again at 3-month follow-up. Behavioural adherence to screening during the 12-month period following programme entry was obtained from clinic records. RESULTS: Using hierarchical regression analysis, we observed a significant interaction between perceived control and problem-focused coping for psychological distress, beta=0.94, p<.05. Specifically, problem-focused coping was associated with increasing distress over time among women who perceived high control. A significant control by coping interaction was also observed for behavioural adherence to pelvic ultrasound and CA125 screening, such that women who perceived high control and utilized problem-focused coping were less likely to undergo screening. CONCLUSIONS: Under conditions of high perceived control, problem-focused coping was associated with increasing distress as well as poorer behavioural adherence. Thus, perceived control and problem-focused coping may not always yield positive psychological or behavioural health outcomes. These findings contribute to a greater understanding of how problem-focused coping and perceived control may influence the course of adjustment to cancer risk over time.

PMID: 17032484 [PubMed - in process]

Related Articles

Information, social support and anxiety before gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):551-9

Authors: Eberhardt J, van Wersch A, van Schaik P, Cann P

OBJECTIVES: To examine Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) stress theory regarding the effects of the stress mediators information and perceived social support on anxiety (as the stress response) regarding gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy (as the stressor) in male and female patients of various age groups. DESIGN: Non-experimental design. METHODS: Structured interviews were conducted with 113 hospital out-patients about to undergo GI endoscopy. Participants indicated their perceptions of how much support and how much clear and useful information they had received from both their general practitioner (GP) and a patient information leaflet developed in collaboration with health psychologists as well as their perceptions of how much social support they had obtained from other patients, family and friends. Anxiety was measured with a population-specific trait and state adaptation of the Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS-A). RESULTS: Psychometric exploration of the HADS-A revealed a single general anxiety factor. The reliability of this factor was high, with Cronbach's alpha=0.91. The majority of the sample experienced high anxiety levels. Gender, but not age, differences emerged, showing females to be more anxious than males, F(1, 84)=5.68, p<.05. A regression model built on stress theory was tested, with anxiety as the dependent variable and 11 predictor variables. The model was significant with R(2)=0.452, F(11, 47)=3.522 and p=0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The clarity, but not the amount, of information and social support from important others, but not GPs, were both mediating the stress experience of the patients by reducing their perceived anxiety.

PMID: 17032483 [PubMed - in process]

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Psychological distress after the occupation: A community cross-sectional survey from Lebanon.

Br J Health Psychol. 2006 Nov;11(Pt 4):695-702

Authors: Roberto SB, Chaaya M, Eid Fares J, Abi Khirs J

OBJECTIVES: Jezzine inhabitants were exposed to war stressors for 17 years. This study aims at determining the prevalence of psychiatric distress (PD) among Jezzine citizens who were exposed to war for 17 years and to identify associated factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A sample of 142 citizens was randomly selected from a population of 5,000. A novel questionnaire was used to collect data on war exposure, socioeconomic and demographic variables. PD was assessed using GHQ-12. Data were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS: PD was found in 26% of Jezzine residents. PD was associated with age, marital status, education, experience of war-related events, chronic illness and alcohol drinking. After adjusting for all variables, PD remained significantly correlated with older age and low education (odds ratios were 7.59 and 4.28, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of PD among the residents of Jezzine after a year of the Israeli withdrawal was similar to that reported in other communities whether they were, or were not, exposed to war stress. Higher prevalence among older and less educated individuals suggests the presence of a significant age cohort effect and cognitive construal factors for PD among persons chronically exposed to war-related stressors.

PMID: 17032492 [PubMed - in process]